PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.